Friday, April 27, 2012

Are anti-bullying commercials portraying the negative effects of bullying accurately and effectively? -- A Rhetorical Analysis

PSA -- STOP BULLYING
Due to numerous advancements in technology today, bullying has evolved from its original form of mainly physical harm into intimidation and torment via mass media communications such as the Internet and text messaging.  With more discrete forms of torture for bullies to resort to, bullying has gone unnoticed significantly more by parents, teachers, and other authority figures.  To combat this problem, anti-bullying organizations have produced public service announcements with hopes of exposing the dangers and damaging effects bullying has had on its victims. 
It is fair to assume that the most convincing message to end bullying in all its forms would encompass all three persuasive appeals: ethos, logos, and pathos.  But with the enormous pressure to reveal this huge problem quickly and trigger direct action from viewers, producers and directors must create commercials and advertisements that contain startling statistics and disturbing imagery.  Does manipulation of people’s emotions through such images and statistics cause the message to be sent more effectively, or must accuracy also be sacrificed in order to initiate the desired reaction?
Alpha Dog Productions filmed a commercial depicting the “worst possible consequence of cyber-bullying” in response to the increased numbers of suicides caused by bullying in 2010 (Ou, 2011). The commercial began with a female student checking her appearance in her locker mirror as the school’s warning bell rings.  The student sees two familiar faces approaching behind her and instantly becomes nervous. While desperately trying to escape her foreseen torment, she drops all of her books.  After gathering up her things from the floor, the first bully walks up to her and says, “Nice shirt.”  The bullies walk away quietly laughing, and the camera focuses on the girl again, whose face displays signs of relief for successfully avoiding the school day’s routine torture.
The camera returns to the bullies, one of whom has her phone out and is sending a text message.  Seconds later the unsuspecting victim receives a text: “NOT!!! U ugly bitch :P”  The camera focuses on her paling face and once again on the phone in her hand.  Blood begins seeping through the ends of her sleeve and she collapses to the floor.  The victim’s body lying in a pool of blood is the final image viewers see as sounds of screams and sirens continue around her and as the video fades to black.  The commercial concludes with these captions: “Words have consequences.  19,000 bullied students attempt to commit suicide each year.”
The producers and directors of this commercial definitely realized that the most effective way to get their point across was by playing with people’s emotions.  The entire scene is particularly disturbing, but the end of the clip is considerably unsettling.  Although the commercial uses logical arguments—bullying can cause victims to have low self-esteems, feel isolated, engage in self-harm, and even attempt suicide when mistreatment becomes unbearable—the statistic given at the end of the commercial does not entirely match the overall message of the video. 
The directors’ intent, the commercial itself, and the concluding message are not consistent with each other.  Copyright holder Andrea Ou proclaimed that the video clip’s original purpose was to expose the dangers and serious detrimental effects that could result from victimization via cyber bullying (2011).  This was established with one of the captions that closed out the commercial, which attempted to reveal the negative outcomes of cyber bullying.  The statistic given at the conclusion of the clip is related to the number of teen suicide attempts resulting from bullying coming in all forms, and not solely those caused by cyber bullying. This commercial is quite misleading; it portrays a performed suicide when the statistic only accounts for suicide attempts.  Also, the number given describes suicide attempts made by victims that suffered from bullying in all of its forms, not solely cyber bullying.  As a result, the commercial loses its credibility and effectiveness, and therefore becomes less likely of producing the desired reaction necessary to put an end to verbal abuse, cyber abuse, and bullying.  This commercial would have been more authentic had the directors included examples of physical abuse that victims could also receive in addition to the emotional and mental maltreatment that they suffer.
Although the commercial combats some misleading notions about bullying— “sticks and stones may break my bones, but words may never hurt me” is far from the truth—it forms and endorses new stereotypes in the mind of its viewers.  Since the victim in the clip was a female student, and since she presumably cut her wrists to end her life, viewers may be convinced that boys are not as negatively affected by bullying, and furthermore, that only girls engage in self-harming behaviors and attempt suicide.  Viewers may also be led to believe that if no physical signs of self-harm are noticeable or apparent, victims are coping well with bullying, when in actuality they could be considering ending their lives or be self-harming in other ways.  
The commercial’s target audience is definitely the middle and high school population, but more specifically, the directors focused on bullies.  Based on the content of the clip, and the caption “Words have consequences,” one can conclude that the directors are concentraing on students that are verbally abusive and /or cyber bullying their peers.  Since the video clip is quite distressing, one can determine that the directors believed that scaring bullies straight would be an effective method.  Although the shock value of the commercial can initially cause guilty feelings in bullies, very rarely will the images stick in their minds long enough to cause them to correct and change their behavior. 
I found this video on YouTube and I had not seen it before on television, or anywhere else for that matter.  This video, like many others, was most likely posted on the Internet instead of aired on television for numerous reasons.  Bullying is a touchy subject and suicide even more so.  Many people do not want to face the reality that actions and words really can cause severe damage to another person emotionally and psychologically; so much so that the person would rather end their life than continue existing and being tormented.   Because anti-bullying commercials are often rash and to the point—using disturbing images and contain dreadful statistics—television companies are more hesitant to air such advertisements or commercials of this type for fear of negative audience response.  Since the video can only be seen on the Internet it is not as effective as it could have been had it been aired on television. 
Producers of anti-bullying commercials and public service announcements need to ensure that their advertisements are reaching maximum effectiveness.  If the commercial is too disturbing for everyday television viewing, the advertisement must be reevaluated and revised to ensure that it is appropriate for all audiences.  Producers must not depend solely on human emotion for the successful reception of the announcement, and statistics, if cited, must be used properly and accurately.  Statistics also must coincide with the overall message of the commercial.  If these points are kept in mind, there is no doubt that anti-bullying movements will effectively raise awareness and succeed in putting an end to peer victimization.

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